Material Strength charts

Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS) or ultimate strength,is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking.

Data charts relating to the Ultimate Tensile strength of various metals and their alloys, including Structural steels, Free cutting steels, Steels for quenching and tempering, Stainless steels, Cast iron, Spring steels, Bearing steels, Bearing bronze, Unalloyed carbon steels, Stainless steels (RVS) and Grey Cast Iron.

Standard mechanical properties Re = yield stress, yield strength or yield point, in MPa or N/mm2, corresponding to the end of the elastic region Rm = ultimate tensile strength, in MPa or N/mm2.

STRUCTURAL STEEL HOT ROLLED, NON ALLOY STEELS
MATERIAL		Re[MPa]					Rm[MPa]
NAME	nr	d <16	< 40	< 63	< 80	< 100	< 3	< 100
S235JR	1.0038	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235JO	1.0114	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S235J2	1.0117	235	225	215	215	215	360-510	360-510
S275JR	1.0044	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275JO	1.0143	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S275J2	1.0145	275	265	255	245	235	430-580	410-560
S355JR	1.0045	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J0	1.0553	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355J2	1.0577	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S355K2	1.0596	355	345	335	325	315	510-680	470-630
S450J0	1.0590	450	430	410	390	380	-	550-720
E295	1.0050	295	285				490-660	470-610
E335	1.0060	335	325				590-770	570-710
E360	1.0070	360	355				690-900	670-830

E295...E360: bearing and drive shafts, wear parts in natural hardness.

STRUCTURAL STEEL HOT ROLLED, NON ALLOY, NORMALISED, WELDABLE FINE GRAIN
MATERIAL		Re[MPa]					Rm[MPa]	A
NAME	nr	d < 16	< 40	< 63	< 80	< 100	< 100	%
S275N	1.0490	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S275NL	1.0491	275	265	255	245	235	370-510	23-24
S355N	1.0545	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S355NL	1.0546	355	345	335	325	315	470-630	21-22
S420N	1.8902	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S420NL	1.8912	420	400	390	370	360	520-680	18-19
S460N	1.8901	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17
S460NL	1.8903	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	17

STRUCTURAL STEEL THERMO-MECHANICALLY ROLLED, WELDABLE FINE GRAIN
MATERIAL		Re[MPa]					Rm[MPa]				A
NAME	nr	< 16	< 40	< 63	< 80	< 100	< 40	< 63	< 80	< 100	%
S275M	1.8818	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S275ML	1.8819	275	265	255	245	245	370-530	360-520	350-510	350-510	24
S355M	1.8823	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S355ML	1.8834	355	345	335	325	325	470-630	450-610	440-600	440-600	22
S420M	1.8825	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S420ML	1.8836	420	400	390	380	370	520-680	500-660	480-640	470-630	19
S460M	1.8827	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17
S460ML	1.8838	460	440	430	410	400	540-720	530-710	510-690	500-680	17

FREE CUTTING STEEL NOT INTENDED FOR HEAT TREATMENT
NAME	nr	Diam[mm]	Hardness[HB]	Rm[MPa]
11SMn30

11SMNPb30

11SMn37

11SMnPb37

1.0715

1.0718

1.0736

1.0737

5<10
-
380-570

10<d<16
-
380-570

16<d<40
112-169
380-570

40<d<63
109-169
370-570

63<d<100
107-154
360-520

FREE CUTTING STEEL CASE HARDENING, UNTREATED
NAME	nr	Diam [mm]	Hardness HB	Rm [MPa]
10S20 10SPb20	1.0721 1.0722	5<10	-	360-530
		10<d<16	-	360-530
		16<d<40	107-156	360-530
		40<d<63	107-156	360-530
		63<d<100	105-146	350-490
15SMn13	1.0725	5<10	-	430-610
		10<d<16	-	430-600
		16<d<40	128-178	430-600
		40<d<63	128-172	430-580
		6 3<d<100	125-160	420-540

FREE CUTTING STEEL DIRECT HARDENING
			UNTREATED		QUENCHED and TEMPERED
MATERIAL NAME		Diam d	Hardness	Rm	Re	Rm	A
	nr	mm	HB	[MPa]	MPa	MPa	%min
35S20 35SPb20	1.0726 1.0756	5=d=10	-	550-720	430	630-780	15
		10<d=16	-	550-700	430	630-780	15
		16<d=40	154-201	520-680	380	600-750	16
		40<d=63	154-198	520-670	320	550-700	17
		63<d=100	149-193	500-650	320	550-700	17
36SMn14 36SMnPb14	1.0764 1.0765	5=10	-	580-770	480	700-850	14
		10<d=16	-	580-770	460	700-850	14
		16<d=40	166-222	560-750	420	670-820	15
		40<d=63	166-219	560-740	400	640-790	16
		63<d=100	163-219	550-740	360	570-720	17
38SMn28 38SMnPb28	1.0760 1.0761	5=10	-	580-780	480	700-850	15
		10<d=16	-	580-750	460	700-850	15
		16<d=40	166-216	560-730	420	700-850	15
		40<d=63	166-216	560-730	400	700-850	16
		63<d=100	163-207	550-700	380	630-800	16
44SMn28 44SMnPb28	1.0762 1.0763	5=10	-	630-900	520	700-850	16
		10<d=16	-	630-850	480	700-850	16
		16<d=40	187-242	630-820	420	700-850	16
		40<d=63	184-235	620-790	410	700-850	16
		63<d=100	181-231	610-780	400	700-850	16
46S20 46SPb20	1.0727 1.0757	5=10	-	590-800	490	700-850	12
		10<d=16	-	590-780	490	700-850	12
		16<d=40	175-225	590-760	430	650-800	13
		40<d=63	172-216	580-730	370	630-780	14
		63<d=100	166-211	560-710	370	630-780	14

STEELS FOR QUENCHING AND TEMPERING (QUENCHED AND TEMPERED) NON-ALLOY STEEL
		d < 16 t = < 8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
MATERIAL NAME		Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40	1.0511	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45	1.0503	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C55	1.0535	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60	1.0601	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
SPECIAL STEELS
C22E	1.1151	340	500-650	20	290	470-620	22
C35E	1.1181	430	630-780	17	380	600-750	19
C40E	1.1186	460	650-800	16	400	630-780	18
C45E	1.1191	490	700-850	14	430	650-800	16
C50E	1.1206	520	750-900	13	460	700-850	15
C55E	1.1203	550	800-950	12	490	750-900	14
C60E	1.1221	580	850-1000	11	520	800-950	13
28Mn6	1.1170	590	800-950	13	490	700-850	15

(Source)

STEELS FOR QUENCHING AND TEMPERING (NORMALISED) NON-ALLOY QUALITY STEELS
		d <16 t =< 16			16 < d = < 100 16 < t = < 100			100 < d = < 250 100 < t = < 250
MATERIAL NAME		Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
C35	1.0501	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40	1.0511	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45	1.0503	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C55	1.0535	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60	1.0601	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
SPECIAL STEELS
C22E	1.1151	240	430	24	210	410	25	-	-	-
C35E	1.1181	300	550	18	270	520	19	245	500	19
C40E	1.1186	320	580	16	290	550	17	260	530	17
C45E	1.1191	340	620	14	305	580	16	275	560	16
C50E	1.1206	355	650	13	320	610	14	290	590	14
C55E	1.1203	370	680	11	330	640	12	300	620	12
C60E	1.1221	380	710	10	340	670	11	310	650	11
28Mn6	1.1170	345	630	17	310	600	18	290	590	18

ALLOY STEEL (QUENCHED AND TEMPERED)
		d <16 t =<8			16 < d = < 40 8 < t = < 20
MATERIAL NAME	Re	Rm	A	Re	Rm	A
	nr	MPa	MPa	%	MPa	MPa	%
38Cr2	1.7003	550	800-950	14	450	700-850	15
46Cr2	1.7006	650	900-1100	12	550	800-950	14
34Cr4	1.7033	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
34CrS4	1.7037	700	900-1100	12	590	800-950	14
37Cr4	1.7034	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
37CrS4	1.7038	750	950-1150	11	630	850-1000	13
41Cr4	1.7035	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
41CrS4	1.7039	800	1000-1200	11	660	900-1100	12
25CrMo4	1.7218	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
25CrMoS4	1.7213	700	900-1100	12	600	800-950	14
34CrMo4	1.7220	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
34CrMoS4	1.7226	800	1000-1200	11	650	900-1100	12
42CrMo4	1.7225	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
42CrMoS4	1.7227	900	1100-1300	10	750	1000-1200	11
50CrMo4	1.7228	900	1100-1300	9	780	1000-1200	10
34CrNiMo6	1.6582	1000	1200-1400	9	900	1100-1300	10
30CrNiMo6	1.6580	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
35NiCr6	1.5815	740	880-1080	12	740	880-1080	14
36NICrMo16	1.6773	1050	1250-1450	9	1050	1250-1450	9
39NiCrMo3	1.6510	785	980-1180	11	735	930-1130	11
30NiCrMo16-16	1.6747	880	1080-1230	10	880	1080-1230	10
51CrV4	1.8159	900	1100-1300	9	800	1000-1200	10
20MnB5	1.5530	700	900-1050	14	600	750-900	15
30MnB5	1.5531	800	950-1150	13	650	800-950	13
38MnB5	1.5532	900	1050- 1250	12	700	850-1050	12
27MnCrB5-2	1.7182	800	1000-1250	14	750	900-1150	14
33MnCrB5-2	1.7185	850	1050 1300	13	800	950-1200	13
39MnCrB5-2	1.7189	900	1100-1350	12	850	1050-1250	12

(Source)

STAINLESS STEEL
MATERIAL NAME			Rm	Re	A
	nr	ANSI	MPa	MPa	%
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	301	500…740	195…205	35…40
X8CrNiS-18-9	1.4305	303	500…700	190	35
X5CrNi18-10	1.4301	304	540…750	230	45
2CrNi19-11	1.4306	304L	520…660	250	45
2CrNi18-9	1.4307	304L	520…670	220	45
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	316	540…680	195…205	35…40
X3CrNiMo17-13-3	1.4436	316	550…700	240	40
X2CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4404	316L	520…660	195	40
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	316L	500…700	200	45
X6CrNiMoTi1712-2	1.4571	316Ti	540…680	215	40
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	321	540…680	205	40
X12Cr13	1.4006	410	<600		20
X20Cr13	1.4021	420	<700		15
X30Cr13	1.4028	420	<740		15
X6Cr17	1.4016	430	440…590	255	20
X3CrTi17	1.4510	439	430…630	205	20
X2CrTiNb18	14509	441	430/630	250	20
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	1.4462	duplex	640…880	480	25

Austenitic 3-series (3.04, 316…) - non-magnetic Ferritic and martensitic 4-series (405, 439…), magnetic,not
intended for heath treatment

(Source)

CAST IRON
MATERIAL NAME	Rm	Re	A	E-modulus
	MPa	MPa	%	GPa
EN-GJL-150	150…250	100…165	0.8…0.3	78…103
EN-GJL-200	200…300	130…195	0.8…0.3	88…113
EN-GJL-250	250…350	165…230	0.8…0.3	103…118
EN-GJL-300	300…400	195…260	0.8…0.3	108…137
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	350…400	220…280	30…22	160…185
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	400…450	250…300	27…18	160…185
EN-GJS-400-15	400…550	250…350	27…15	160…185
EN-GJS-450-10	450…600	310…410	20…10	160…185
EN-GJS-500-7	500…650	320…420	18…7	160…185
EN-GJS-600-3	600…750	370…480	8…3	160…185
EN-GJS-700-2	700…850	420…600	6…2	160…185
EN-GJS-800-2	800…1000	480…750	4…2	160…185

GJL (old GG), grey cast iron with lamellar graphite - the 250 and 300 are hard wearing. GJS (old GGG), grey cast
iron with nodular graphite - high ductility, for heath treatment, from 500 hard wearing

(Source_1
, Source_2).

SPRING STEEL
MATERIAL	nr	Rm [MPa]	E [GPa]	G [GPa]
Spring steel (Music wire)	1.1200	2220 - 820 log d	206	815
Stainless steel (ANSI 301)	1.4310	0.85(2220 - 820 log d)	190	73

The mechanical properties relate to the diameter of the wire. As a rule of thumb Rm=2220 - 820 log d, according
EN 10270-1-SH for steel nr. 1.1200. For stainless steel 1.4310 the tensile strength is 15% less, according EN
10270-3-NS. The max bending stress is taken 0.7Rm, the max torsional stress 0.4Rm, when statically loaded.
Statically loaded is defined for up to 20 to 50 thousand load cycles. The max stress is taken 40% less when loaded
for more than 10 million load cycles.

BEARING STEELS</h1 4>
MATERIAL NAME		Untreated		Quenched and tempered
	nr	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]	Rm [MPa]	Re [MPa]
100Cr2	1.3501
100Cr6	1.3505
100CrMn6	1.3520
16CrNoMo6	1.3531
19MnCr5	1.3523
44Cr2	1.3561

(Source)

BEARING BRONZE
Bronze	EN	Re	Rm	HB	oil lubricated
CuSn7ZnPb	2.1090	120	270	>70	general bearing bronze
Cu Sn12	2.1052	140	280	>90	tin bronze for high load
CuSn12Pb	2.1061	140	280	>85	lead bronze, improved slide ability
CuSn12Ni	2.1060	170	300	>90	with nickel, for worm gears
CuPb15Sn	2.1182	110	220	>65	soft, suitable for water lubrication
Shaft-hardness >HB165, shaft material E335, roughness Ra<1µm, pmax<10MPa (<0.2m/s)

(Source)

UN-ALLOYED CARBON STEEL
GRADE		UTS [MPa]>		0.2% YS [MPa]
	EN	e3) =16	e3) > 16	e3) < 3	e3) =3
S235JR	1.0037	235	225	360 - 510	360 - 510
S235J0	1.0114	235	225	360 - 510	360 - 510
S235J2	1.0116	235	225	360 - 510	340 - 470
S275JR	1.0044	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S275J0	1.0143	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S275J2	1.0144	275	265	430 - 580	410 - 560
S355JR	1.0045	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355J0	1.0553	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355J2	1.0570	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
S355K2	1.0595	355	345	510 - 680	470 - 630
E295	1.0050	295	285	490 - 660	470 - 610
E335	1.0060	335	325	590 - 770	570 - 710
E360	1.0070	360	355	690 - 900	670 - 830

S235…S355: structural parts, good weld ability and cutting.

E295…E360: drive shafts, wear parts in natural hardness.

STAINLESS STEEL (RVS)
Grade			UTS	0.2% YS
DIN	EN		MPa	MPa	%
X10CrNi18-8	1.4310	301	500…740	195…205	35…40
X8CrNiS-18-9	1.4305	303	500…700	190	35
X5CrNi18-10	1.4301	304	540…750	230	45
2CrNi19-11	1.4306	304L	520…660	250	45
2CrNi18-9	1.4307	304L	520…670	220	45
X5CrNiMo17-12-2	1.4401	316	540…680	195…205	35…40
X3CrNiMo17-13-3	1.4436	316	550…700	240	40
X2CrNiMo17-13-2	1.4404	316L	520…660	195	40
X2CrNiMo18-14-3	1.4435	316L	500…700	200	45
X6CrNiMoTi1712-2	1.4571	316Ti	540…680	215	40
X6CrNiTi18-10	1.4541	321	540…680	205	40
X12Cr13	1.4006	410	<600		20
X20Cr13	1.4021	420	<700		15
X30Cr13	1.4028	420	<740		15
X6Cr17	1.4016	430	440…590	255	20
X3CrTi17	1.4510	439	430…630	205	20
X2CrTiNb18	14509	441	430/630	250	20
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3	1.4462	duplex	640…880	480	25

Austenitic 3-series (3.04, 316…) - non magnetic Ferritic and martensitic 4-series (405, 439…),
magnetic,suitable for heath treatment

(Source)

CAST IRON (GREY)
GRADE	Rm	0.2% YS		E-modulus
	MPa	MPa	%	GPa
EN-GJL-150	150…250	100…165	0.8…0.3	78…103
EN-GJL-200	200…300	130…195	0.8…0.3	88…113
EN-GJL-250	250…350	165…230	0.8…0.3	103…118
EN-GJL-300	300…400	195…260	0.8…0.3	108…137
EN-GJS-350-22-LT	350…400	220…280	30…22	160…185
EN-GJS-400-18-LT	400…450	250…300	27…18	160…185
EN-GJS-400-15	400…550	250…350	27…15	160…185
EN-GJS-450-10	450…600	310…410	20…10	160…185
EN-GJS-500-7	500…650	320…420	18…7	160…185
EN-GJS-600-3	600…750	370…480	8…3	160…185
EN-GJS-700-2	700…850	420…600	6…2	160…185
EN-GJS-800-2	800…1000	480…750	4…2	160…185

GJL (old GG), grey cast iron with lamellar graphite -the 250 and 300 have very good wear resistance. GJS (old
GGG), grey cast iron with nodular graphite - high ductility, suitable for heat treatment, from 500 hard wearing,
gears

(Source_1
, Source_2).

MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF FASTENERS

MATERIAL

Rm [MPa]

Austenitic RVS

A1, A2, A3,A4, A5

500 - soft

700 - work hardened

800 - work hardened

Martensitic RVS

500 - soft

700 -

1100

CU1

CU2

CU3

CU4

CU5

CU6

CU7

240

440

470

590

440

640

(Source)

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHEAR AND TENSILE STRENGTHS
MATERIAL	SHEARING	YIELDING
WROUGHT AND ALLOY STEEL	UST ≈ 0,75 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,58 x YS
DUCTILE IRON	UST ≈ 0,90 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,75 x YS
MALLEABLE IRON - PEARLITIC	UST ≈ 1,0 x UTS	-
WROUGHT IRON	UST ≈ 0,83 x UTS	-
CAST IRON	UST ≈ 1,3 x UTS	-
COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	-
ALUMINIUM AND ITS ALLOYS	UST ≈ 0,65 x UTS	SSY ≈ 0,55 x YS

UTS	ULTIMATE TENSILE STRESS
UST	ULTIMATE SHEAR STRESS
SSY	SHEAR STRESS YEILD
YS	TENSILE YIELD STRESS

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